Calotropis gigantea: Medicinal Aspects
1. Introduction
Calotropis gigantea, commonly known as crown flower or giant milkweed, is a species of flowering plant in the Apocynaceae family. It is native to South Asia and Southeast Asia and is known for its medicinal properties.
2. Synonyms
Calotropis gigantea is also known by the following synonyms:
- Common Names: Crown flower, Giant milkweed, Madar
- Scientific Synonyms: Asclepias gigantea, Calotropis procera var. gigantea
3. Biological Name, Genus & Family
a. Biological Name: Calotropis gigantea
b. Genus: Calotropis
c. Family: Apocynaceae
4. Medicinal Part Used
The medicinal parts of Calotropis gigantea used are primarily the latex, leaves, and roots.
5. Geological Distribution
Calotropis gigantea is found in the following regions:
- South Asia: India, Sri Lanka
- Southeast Asia: Thailand, Malaysia
- Other regions: Africa, Middle East, Australia
6. Morphology (Detailed)
a. Plant Description
Calotropis gigantea is a large shrub or small tree that grows up to 4 meters in height. It has large, glossy, leathery leaves and clusters of waxy, star-shaped flowers.
b. Leaves
The leaves are thick, oval-shaped, and arranged alternately on the stem. They are green and smooth on the upper surface and pale and hairy underneath.
c. Flowers and Fruits
The flowers are unique, star-shaped, and vary in color from purple to white. They are arranged in clusters at the ends of branches. The fruits are large, seed-filled pods.
d. Roots and/or Rhizomes
The roots are thick and fibrous, extending deep into the soil to anchor the plant.
e. Other Parts
Other parts of the plant, such as the stem and bark, are less commonly used medicinally.
7. Chemical Constituents
Calotropis gigantea contains several bioactive compounds, including:
- Cardiac Glycosides: Calotropin and calotoxin are responsible for the cardiotonic effects.
- Alkaloids: Uscharin, calotropaine, and calotropinine.
- Flavonoids: Provide antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
- Triterpenoids: Contribute to various medicinal uses.
8. Medicinal Uses
Calotropis gigantea is used for various medicinal purposes:
- Wound Healing: The latex is applied topically to wounds and cuts to promote healing.
- Anti-inflammatory: Helps reduce inflammation and swelling.
- Antimicrobial: Shows activity against bacteria and fungi.
- Cardiotonic: Used to strengthen heart muscles.
- Anthelmintic: Effective against intestinal worms.
9. How To Use At Home
Calotropis gigantea can be used in various forms:
- Latex Application: Apply the latex directly to the affected area for wound healing.
- Decoction: Boil the leaves and roots to make a medicinal tea.
- Poultice: Crushed leaves and roots can be used as a poultice for skin ailments.
- Tincture: Prepared from the roots and used in small doses.
10. FAQs
Q: Is Calotropis gigantea poisonous?
A: Yes, Calotropis gigantea contains toxic compounds and should be used under medical supervision.
Q: Can Calotropis gigantea be used for diabetes?
A: Some studies suggest it may have hypoglycemic effects, but it should not be used without medical advice.
Q: What are the side effects of Calotropis gigantea?