Catharanthus: Medicinal Aspects
1. Introduction
Catharanthus is a genus of flowering plants known for their medicinal properties. It has been used traditionally in various cultures for its therapeutic benefits.
2. Synonyms
Catharanthus is commonly known by the following synonyms:
- Common Names: Madagascar periwinkle, Vinca
- Scientific Synonyms: Vinca rosea, Ammocallis rosea
3. Biological Name, Genus & Family
a. Biological Name: Catharanthus
b. Genus: Catharanthus
c. Family: Apocynaceae
4. Medicinal Part Used
The medicinal parts of Catharanthus used are primarily the leaves and sometimes the whole plant.
5. Geological Distribution
Catharanthus is native to Madagascar but is now cultivated and naturalized in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide.
6. Morphology (Detailed)
a. Plant Description
Catharanthus plants are perennial herbs with erect stems.
b. Leaves
The leaves are glossy, dark green, and oval-shaped, arranged opposite each other on the stem.
c. Flowers and Fruits
The flowers are solitary, funnel-shaped, and are usually pink, white, or purple in color. The fruits are follicles containing numerous seeds.
d. Roots and/or Rhizomes
The roots are fibrous and often form a dense mat in the soil.
e. Other Parts
Other parts of the plant are not commonly used medicinally.
7. Chemical Constituents
Catharanthus contains several alkaloids and other compounds that contribute to its medicinal properties:
- Vinblastine and Vincristine: These are potent anti-cancer alkaloids.
- Ajmalicine: Used for its hypotensive (lowers blood pressure) and sedative effects.
- Reserpine: Used in the treatment of hypertension and as a sedative.
8. Medicinal Uses
Catharanthus has a variety of medicinal uses:
- Anti-cancer: Vinblastine and vincristine are used in the treatment of various cancers, including leukemia, lymphoma, and breast cancer.
- Antihypertensive: Ajmalicine and reserpine help in lowering blood pressure.
- Sedative: Used to calm and relax the mind.
- Antimicrobial: Shows activity against bacteria and fungi.
- Diuretic: Promotes the production of urine.
9. How To Use At Home
Catharanthus is used medicinally in various forms:
- Extracts and Tinctures: Available for oral consumption.
- Tea: Leaves can be used to make a medicinal tea.
- Topical Applications: For wound healing and skin conditions.
10. FAQs
Q: What are the side effects of using Catharanthus?
A: Side effects may include nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and nerve damage.
Q: Can Catharanthus be used during pregnancy?
A: No, Catharanthus should be avoided during pregnancy due to potential harm to the fetus.
Q: How should Catharanthus be stored?
A: Store Catharanthus supplements in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight.