Rauwolfia: Medicinal Aspects
1. Introduction
Rauwolfia, also known as Indian snakeroot, is a genus of flowering plants in the Apocynaceae family. It is renowned for its medicinal properties, particularly its use in traditional medicine systems.
2. Synonyms
Rauwolfia is known by various other names:
- Common Names: Indian snakeroot, Sarpagandha
- Scientific Synonyms: Rauvolfia serpentina, Rauvolfia vomitoria
3. Biological Name, Genus & Family
a. Biological Name: Rauwolfia
b. Genus: Rauvolfia
c. Family: Apocynaceae
4. Medicinal Part Used
The medicinal part of Rauwolfia used is primarily the root.
5. Geological Distribution
Rauwolfia is native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It is also cultivated in various parts of the world for its medicinal properties.
6. Morphology (Detailed)
a. Plant Description
Rauwolfia species are perennial herbs or shrubs with thick, fleshy roots.
b. Leaves
The leaves are simple, opposite, and sometimes whorled, with smooth margins.
c. Flowers and Fruits
The flowers are small, funnel-shaped, and white or pinkish in color. The fruits are fleshy, usually in pairs, and contain seeds.
d. Roots and/or Rhizomes
The roots are thick, fleshy, and contain alkaloids and other bioactive compounds.
e. Other Parts
Other parts of the plant are not used for medicinal purposes.
7. Chemical Constituents
Rauwolfia contains several alkaloids and other compounds that contribute to its medicinal properties:
- Alkaloids: Reserpine, reserpinine, rescinnamine, serpentine
- Other Compounds: Ajmalicine, yohimbine, isorauhimbine
8. Medicinal Uses
Rauwolfia has been traditionally used for various medicinal purposes:
- Antihypertensive: Lowers blood pressure by reducing sympathetic outflow from the central nervous system.
- Sedative: Calms the mind and promotes relaxation.
- Antipsychotic: Used in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders.
- Antimicrobial: Exhibits antibacterial and antifungal properties.
- Analgesic: Relieves pain.
9. How To Use At Home
Rauwolfia is used medicinally in various forms:
- Rauwolfia Extracts: Available in the form of tinctures and capsules.
- Root Powder: The dried root powder is sometimes used in herbal formulations.
10. FAQs
Q: Is Rauwolfia safe to use?
A: Rauwolfia should be used under medical supervision, as it can cause side effects such as dizziness, drowsiness, and digestive issues.
Q: Can Rauwolfia be used for anxiety?
A: Yes, Rauwolfia has sedative properties and can help in managing anxiety, but it should be used with caution.
Q: What are the contraindications of Rauwolfia?
A: Rauwolfia should be avoided in pregnancy, breastfeeding, and in individuals with hypotension or peptic ulcers.